BiodiversityView Technical Details

The Map Impact methodology combines several data sources, alongside a novel satellite imagery analytics approach, to infer biodiversity condition, at any location.

Habitat Datasets

Map Impact’s solution currently utilises ancillary open-source datasets to identify habitat types. Habitat types align with the UK Habitat Classification (UKHAB) system, although currently available open-source data does not allow all habitats to be represented. Map Impact are a UKHAB Partner, and the UK Habitat Classification is used under license, with no onward licenses implied or provided. All rights reserved.

Each habitat is provided with a distinctiveness score, which assigns additional weighting to the final biodiversity score. The distinctiveness of each habitat is defined within the DEFRA Biodiversity Metric Calculator 4.0.

Ancillary habitat data sets are layered in a defined structure to provide the best available view of habitats. The following data sources and licenses are used:

• UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH) Land Cover Map land parcel datasets (editions from 2020 onwards) ‘Based upon Land Cover Map © UKCEH. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright 2007, Licence number 100017572.”
• Priority Habitat, published by Natural England. Subject to the Open Government Licence, and Creative Commons Licence.
• WOM21 Priority Habitat – High Sensitivity by Welsh Government. Subject to the Open Government Licence
• National Vegetation Coverage by NatureScot. Subject to the Open Government Licence
• National Forest Inventory Woodland Map. Subject to the Open Government Licence
• Ancient Woodland Inventory England. Subject to the Open Government Licence
• Ancient Woodland Inventory Wales. Subject to the Open Government Licence
• Ancient Woodland Inventory Scotland. Subject to the Open Government Licence
• Wood Pasture and Parkland, published by Natural England. Subject to the Open Government License.
• Open Mosaic, published by Natural England. Subject to the Open Government Licence.
• Sand Dune Vegetation Survey of Scotland by NatureScot. Subject to the Open Government Licence.
• Saltmarsh Survey of Scotland by NatureScot. Subject to the Open Government Licence.
• Coastal and Vegetated Shingle Survey of Scotland by NatureScot. Subject to the Open Government Licence.
• British Geological Survey Soil Parent Material Model. Subject to the Open Government Licence
• OS OpenMap – Local and OS Greenspace, published by Ordnance Survey. Subject to the Open Government Licence.
• OpenStreetMap, licenced under the Open Data Commons Open Database Licence.
• General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans. Subject to custom GEBCO terms of use
• Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Subject to custom OpenTopography licence

Satellite Imagery

Map Impact is utilising the Sentinel-2 satellite constellation operated by the European Space Agency. This is due to the historical archive of available satellite images (back to 2015), high frequency of collections, and the number of spectral bands which provide a range of indices that can be used to infer the condition of each habitat.

Satellite imagery is processed and analysed using Google Earth Engine. The use of Sentinel data is governed by the Copernicus Sentinel Data Terms and Conditions.

Hexagon grid

Map Impact is utilising the H3 Hexagonal hierarchical geospatial indexing system as a foundational layer with which to define a habitat condition score. The hexagonal grid is utilised at Resolution 11, where the length of each edge of the hexagon are approximately 29 metres, the longest distance across the hexagon is approximately 50 metres, and the area of each hexagon is approximately 0.2 hectares. The hexagon grid is chosen since it allows for a higher degree of connectivity to best reflect the true nature of habitats, with more adjacent cells than a square grid can provide.

Condition Score Range

This can be considered both an input and a variable. The current score range is 1 to 3 to align with the DEFRA Biodiversity Metric Calculator, where condition scores are deemed “Good, Moderate, or Poor.”